In March 2026, USTR launched new Section 301 investigations targeting 16 economies for "excess manufacturing capacity." These investigations could result in country-specific tariffs replacing or supplementing the Section 122 surcharge when it expires in July 2026.
The following countries are under active Section 301 investigation: Vietnam, India, Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia, Bangladesh, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Brazil, Malaysia, and the Philippines.
Notably, China is not included — it already faces extensive Section 301 tariffs from the 2018-2024 actions.
If the investigations result in tariffs, countries that currently only face the 15% Section 122 surcharge could see country-specific rates. These rates could be higher or lower than 15% depending on the investigation findings.
Best case: Some countries get lower rates than the current 15%, creating sourcing opportunities.
Worst case: Key alternative countries like Vietnam and India get rates approaching Chinese levels, reducing the incentive to diversify away from China.
Section 301 investigations typically take 6-12 months. The earliest new tariffs could take effect is late 2026, but more likely early 2027. In the meantime, the 15% Section 122 surcharge continues until July 24, 2026.
Don't panic. Investigations don't guarantee tariffs. Many past investigations have resulted in negotiated agreements rather than new duties.
Diversify anyway. Even if Vietnam or India eventually face some tariffs, they're unlikely to match China's 25-100% Section 301 rates. Diversification still reduces risk.
Monitor USTR. Subscribe to Federal Register notices and USTR press releases for updates.
Compare Country Tariff Rates Now
Tariff Comparison Calculator →Vietnam is under investigation but no new tariffs have been imposed yet. Investigations typically take 6-12 months. Any new tariffs would likely take effect in late 2026 at the earliest.
No. Investigations don't guarantee tariffs, and even if imposed, rates are unlikely to match China's levels. Continue diversifying but monitor developments.